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Willem Kieft
:''For the Dutch footballer named Willem (Wim) Kieft, see Wim Kieft''
Willem Kieft (September 1597, Amsterdam – September 27, 1647) was a Dutch merchant and director (of New Netherland of which New Amsterdam was capital) from 1638 to 1647.
==Career==
Willem Kieft was appointed to the rank of director by the West India Company in 1638. He formed the council of twelve men, the first representative body in New Netherland, but ignored its advice.〔http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/willem-kieft/〕 He tried to tax, and then, drive out, local Native Americans.〔 He ordered attacks on Pavonia and Corlears Hook on February 25, 1643 in a massacre (129 Dutch soldiers killed 120 Indians, including women and children), followed by retaliations resulting in what would become known as Kieft's War (1643–1645). The war took a huge toll on both sides, and Dutch West India Company Board of Directors fired him in 1647. He was replaced with Peter Stuyvesant.〔 He died on September 27, 1647 in the ''Princess Amelia'' shipwreck near Swansea, Wales en route to Amsterdam to defend himself, along with many of his opponents as well, including the Rev. Everardus Bogardus.〔Russell Shorto, ''The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America.'' First Edition. New York City: Vintage Books (a Division of Random House, 2004. ISBN 1-4000-7867-9〕 His archive was also lost, so his exact role cannot be established apart from what his opponents wrote of him. He is in the Gods of Manhattan series by Scott Mebus.〔History of the State of New York, Volumes 1-2 By New York State Historical Association, Alexander Clarence Flick〕〔''Governor Kieft's Personal War'' (by Walter Giersbach. published online: 26 August 2006) http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/indianwars/articles/kieftswar.aspx〕〔New Amsterdam Project http://www.nnp.org/nni/Publications/Dutch-American/kieft.html〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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